Apparatus for ether anesthesia



Jan. 7, 1941. F. D'AGQSTlNQ 2,22 7,536

APPARATUS FOR ETHER ANESTHESIA i?? @MM Jan. 7, 1941. F. D'AcsosTlNoAPPARATUS FOR ETHER ANESTHESIA.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 1, 1937 Patented Jan. 7, 1941 i, :2,227,536

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR ETHER ANESTHESIA FrancescodiAgostino, Imola, Italy Application December 1, 1937, Serial No.177,632 In Italy December 12, 1936 9 Claims. (Cl. 12B-192) My inventionrelates to a new apparatus for When the patient to which the mask isapplied ether anesthesia allowing the formation of a subbreathes out,the valve I1 will be opened, wherestantially perfect mixture which iscontinually as the valves l1 and I3 remain closed, the bladproportionedaccording to the surgeons intender I4 will be inflated and receive theexpired air.

5 tions and consists in overheated ether fumes When afterwards thepatient breathes in, the combined with air and anhydrous carbonic acidvalve I1 will be closed and the valve I1 and I3 breathed out by thepatient. will be opened. The bladder I4 will release its Theconstructional features and the operation content of anhydrous carbonioacid (expired air) of the apparatus according to my invention may to thetube I2, where it is mixed with fresh air be understood by reference tothe following dewhich enters through the open valve I3 and Am, scriptiontaken in connection with the accompasses through the chamber II and thepipes I0 panying somewhat diagrammatical drawings. to the receiver 4which contains wool cotton im- Fig. 1 represents a first form ofcarrying out pregnated with ether by the continuous regulated my presentinvention. supply from the drip-cock I9. The mixture is l5 Fig. 2represents a second form of the apparacompelled by the inspiration ofthe patient to 15 tus according to my invention.' descend through thefirst compartment 4', to Fig. v3 shows a sectional view of a drip-cockpass through the net 6 in the lower free space of adapted for use in theapparatus. the receiver 4 and to rise then through the sec- Fig. 4 showsa sectional View of a double valve 0nd 00m-Parimenti 4", the pipes I0and the operating in two directions without springs-and chamber II tothe flexible inhalation tube I5 20 to be used with theapparatus.reaching at last the mask IE through the open The apparatus representedin Figure 1 convalve I1'. Thus the patient inspires a mixture sists in aboiler I containing water, which is 0f anhydrous carbonio acid (from thebladder heated by means of an eleetrie resistance 2, or by I4) of freshair (from the valve I3), and of overany other suitable means; thetemperature of the heated ether fumes (from the YeCeVeI' COmDflt- ,25water is indicated by a thermometer 3. The ments 4 and 4). 'Ihe mixturecontains also a main member of the apparatus is located in the certaindegree of moisture collected from the boiler I that is to say a receiver4 divided in two Water-Vet 3 warmed by a tube i', and VepOU-Icompartments 4 and 4" separated from each formed therein is aspired bythe described curother by a diaphragm 5 which contacts at its rent ofthe mixture towards the net in the re- .p30

lower edge a gauze-net 6, extending to the walls ceiver 4 and mixes withthe said current. of the receiver. Below this net the receiver is In thefOrm O my apparatus ShOWrl in Fig. 2, @Xtended S0 as t0 form a funnelending with the the boiler I is externally like the boiler accordpipe 1in the water-vat 8. The wool cotton that ing to Fig. l, but besides theelectric resistance absorbs the ether is placed in the two compart- 2 inthe bottom, Other heating resistances 22 are 35 ments 4 and 4" of thereceiver 4. Several pipes provided in the middle of the boiler in orderto l!) and I connect the two compartments 4 and heat the pipes 23, 24,leading ffOm the JDWG 4" and the two chambers Il and I l' respectively.chambers 26 and 21 to the mixing chamber 2t From these two chambers thepipes I2 and I2 and in Order' D0 heel? furthermore the pipe 25 leadoutside through the cover of the boiler I. through which the ether dropsare falling to the The pipe I2 is provided with a valve I3 and anchamber 21. In this chamber a first mixing of 40 extensible bladder I4from which a flexible tube ether fumes with air and vapour is obtainedby I5 leads to the mask le, a suitable valve l1 being its being inconnection with the valve 30, provided at the joining point. The otherpipe through the pipe 29 and with the water vat 3l I2 also leads by aflexible tube I5 having a through the pipe 32. The water vat 3l is as 45valve I1' to the mask IB. A graduated ether shown tightly closed and thewater therein is ilask I8 with a drip-cock I9 communicates with slowlyheated due to the thermic conductivity of the receiver 4 by means of thevertical pipe 2B the pipe 32. The Water Vapor therefore which isdirectly above the diaphragm 5. formed escapes through the pipe 32 andenters The pipe 'I is closed at the bottom and is prothe mixingreceptacle 21. The mask for the pa- 50 vided with several lateral holes9 through which tient is not shown in this gure, but only the inthewater of the container 8 may enter into the halation pipe 3B and theexhalation pipe 35 with interior of the pipe 1 where it will beevaporated the extensible bladder 33 and the valve 3ft havunder theaction of the electrical resistance 2. ing the same functions as theanalogous members The operation of the apparatus is as follows: I2-I4 ofthe Fig. 1. The manner in which they 55 different elements of theanesthetic mixture are mixed with each other are somewhat different inthis second constructional form. The anhydrous carbonio acid which wascollected in the extensible bladder 33 during the breathing Out phase,is released during the breathing in phase and mixed with fresh air inthe chamber 2'5 from which, always under the effect of the partialvacuum, which in this latter phase is acting through the pipe 36 in themixing chamber 28, it will be aspired through the pipe 23, where it iswarmed by the resistance 22 and finally mixed with the other elements ofthe mixture in the chamber 28. These other elements, such as ether,moisture and fresh air, before reaching the mixing chamber 28 arepremixed in the chamber 2l connected by the pipe 29 with the air valve3i), by the pipe 32 with the water-vat 3| and by the pipe 25 with thegraduated ether-flask 38. The top end 3l of the pipe 25 is enlarged andhas a glass window to observe the effect of the manual regulation of theether by the drip-cock 39. This drip-cock, as shown in section in Figure3, is characterised by the Z-form of the inner channel 4i) and by thelateral penetration of the conical point of the needle 4I in the saidchannel for the purpose of regulation.

Fig. 4 shows a form of a double-acting valve which is in connection withthe patients mask by means of the pipe 42 in which the current of breathpasses inthe two directions, respectively opening and closing the twovalves 43 and 44 which have no springs and in the state of rest are bothclosed only by gravity. The valve 43 is opened by the breathing outcurrent and the valve 44 is opened by the breathing in current.

This form of execution of the apparatus has the advantage of securing a`greater individual regulation of the temperature for the severalelements forming the anesthetic mixture. It is to be understood that theconstructional elements may change and that parts may be omitted, as forinstance, the water vats 8, 3| since moisture may be obtained also fromthe hot water contained in the boiler I.

The advantages of both forms of execution compared with the known typeof apparatus for ether anesthesia are the following:

(1) No initial sensation of suffocation for the patient;

(2) A very eicient pulmonary ventilation is assured without applying tothe volitive faculties of the potient;

(3) Absence of any irritation of the respirative ways;

(4) Absence of a period of excitation of the patient;

(5) The complete anesthesia is obtained in less time;

(6) Perfect releasing of abdominal walls;

('7) Presence of the reflexes during the anesthesia proving the absenceof the poisonous eifect on the bulbary centres;

(8) Rapid awakening without vomiting;

(9) Possibility of controlling the conditions of the patient as hisrespiration is visible with the movements of the extensible bladder;

(10) Utilization of an autogen gas (anhydrous carbonic acid) for thephysiological .excitation of the bulbary centres;

(l1) Possibilty to use the apparatus after the closure of the ethersupply for facilitating the awakening by means of the excitation of thebulbary centres by the anhydrous carbonio acid breathed out;

(12) Consequent abolition of the bulbary complications (heart,respiration), pulmonary and cardial accidents (inflammation of thelungs, cardial paralyses, etc.);

(13) Simplicity of use;

(14) Economy of ether.

What I claim is:

1. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a containeradapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating saidWater, a receptacle located in said bath for the evaporation of ether,means supplying controlled quantities of ether to said receptacle, meansfor supplying fresh air to said receptacle, means for supplyingexpirated air to said receptacle, means for supplying moisture to saidreceptacle whereby said ether vapor, fresh air, expirated air andmoisture may be mixed in said receptacle, a mask for a patient andexhalation and inhalation connections between said mask and saidreceptacle.

2. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a containeradapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating saidwater bath, means for mixing ether vapor, fresh air, expirated air andmoisture located in said water bath and means for supplying said mixtureto a patient.

3. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a containeradapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating saidwater bath, means having an inlet and an outlet end located in saidwater bath for mixing ether vapor, expirated air, fresh air andmoisture, a mask for the patient, means connecting said mask to theinlet and of said mixing means, means connecting said mask to the outletend of said mixing means and means automatically connecting the patientto either the inlet or the outlet of said mixing means dependent uponwhether said patient is exhaling or inhaling.

4. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a containeradapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating saidwater bath, means having an inlet end and an outlet end located in saidWater bath for mixing ether vapor, expirated air, fresh air andmoisture, a mask for the patient, means connecting said mask to theinlet end of said mixing means, means connecting said mask to the outllet end of said mixing means and means automatically connecting thepatient to either the inlet or the outlet end of said mixing meansdependent upon whether said patient is exhaling or inhaling and meanscontrolling the quantity of ether vapor.

5. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a containeradapted to contain Water forming a water bath, means for heating saidwater, a receptacle located in said water bath having an inletcompartment and an outlet compartment, a mask for a patient, meansconnecting said mask to said inlet compartment, a valve in said lastnamed means communicating with the atmosphere, a bladder also in saidlast named means (for storing expirated air, means for supplying etherto said receptacle in regulated quantitles in order to be vaporized,means for supplying moisture to said receptacle and means ccnnectingsaid mask with said outlet compartment.

6. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a containeradapted to contain Water forming a water bath, means for heating saidWater, a receptacle located in said Water bath having an inletcompartment and an outlet com- Cie partment, a mask for a patient, meansconnecting said mask to said inlet compartment, a Valve in said lastnamed means communicating with the atmosphere, a bladder also in saidlast named means for storing expirated air, means for supplying ether tosaid receptacle in regulated quantities in order to be vaporized, meansfor supplying moisture to said receptacle and means connecting said maskwith said outlet compartment and `valve means controlling said meansconnecting said mask to said inlet and outlet compartments.

'7. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination comprising acontainer adapted to f contain water forming a water bath, means forheating said Water, a receptacle located in said bath for theevaporation of ether, means supplying controlled quantities of ether tosaid receptaole, means for supplying fresh air to said receptacle, meansfor supplying expirated air to said receptacle, means for supplyingmoisture to said receptacle whereby a mixture of ether Vapor, fresh air,expirated air and moisture may be mixed in said receptacle, a mask for apatient, exhalation and inhalation connections between said mask andsaid receptacle, said means for supplying fresh air including a conduitin said water bath whereby said air is heated and said inhalationconnection including a conduit in said water bath whereby said mixturemay be heated.

8. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination comprising acontainer adapted to contain water forming a water bath, means forheating said water bath, means for mixing ether vapor, fresh air,expirated air and moisture 1ocated in said water bath, means forsupplying said mixture to a patient, means for heating said fresh air bysaid water bath prior to the mixing of said fresh air with said ethervapor and means for heating said mixture by said water bath beforesupplying said mixture to a patient.

9. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination comprising acontainer adapted to contain water forming a water bath, means forheating said water bath, means for mixing ether Vapor, fresh air,expirated air and moisture located in said water bath, means forsupplying said mixture to a patient, means for heating said fresh airand expirated air by said Water bath prior to the mixing of said freshair with said ether vapor and means for heating said mixture by saidwater bath before supplying said mixture to a patient.

FRANCESCO DAGOSTINO.

